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SUPERSTITIONS REGARDING DAYS AND ANIMALS IN YURUK TURCOMAN

YÖRÜK SUPERSTITIONS REGARDING DAYS AND ANIMALS IN YURUK TURCOMAN

     Some people of tribes, sub-tribes and nomadic groups felt need to believe to substances and events for centuries, like most of us, believed to a lot of things without taking into consideration that if they are logical. Surely all of this superstitions constituted of desires like preventing from pessimistic facts and feelings, gaining of various desires, being happy, catching the success in jobs, deeming auspicious or not, then the happiness that felt against believing in, ensured to be always first.

In view of folklore, most of these superstitions are still live today. All of the said believes have common grounds with social life and civilizations are certain. We can sort some of our superstitions as below:

-   Singing/crowing of Crow, Rooster, Hen and various birds,

-   Seeing of Snake, Cat, Rabbit, Fox and Turtle on the way,

-   Hunting customs and howling and barking of dogs,

-   Gins and fairies and religious believes depending on various beings and events,

-   Fears and excitements felt against events by nature powers,

-   Dreams,

-   Social events like Wedding Ceremony, Quarrel, Funeral, and Neighboring Relations.


       It can be seen that a great many of them regarding human life could reach to nowadays from the first times of them then through developed civilizations. It is known that, as a result of maturing of human knowledge, existing of new religions after primitive religions, some of the believes and customs were abandoned but new ones appeared.

The Turks that went to various countries from Middle Asia, brought their own believes to the places they have settled while adding new believes to old Shaman believes. Superstitions, in this respect, gained international character as well as domestic and national. That is, spreading out of the religions like Buddhism, Manichaeism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam brought about to get international character of many domestic and national believes. Thus, a kind of believes and customs were carried by emigrations, wars resulted from various causes, establishing of states, colonialism events, relationships between countries and nations, common relations between religions.

Nowadays, even there are no much people that believing to superstitions like being formerly, these superstitions are still keeping alive especially in rural areas. Although the arising reasons have been forgotten, except from loyalty to the customs, some feelings like fear from secret powers, auspiciousness, inauspiciousness, fortune-telling are still preserve their actualities.

Adopting that some superstitions might be arisen from religions, some from economical life, some from relationships of social life, in various settlement locations of various geographical parts of Anatolia, these believes listed as of days (Friday, Saturday, Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday) and animals (Owl, turtle, crow, ant, mule, goose, goat, cat, sheep, dog, volf, bird, water buffalo, magpie, sparrow, rabbit, hen-rooster, fox, snake ) as below.

All these superstitions are findings that determined by a study regarding to investigate of cultural values of 36 clans, tribes, sub-tribes and nomad groups from a large environment in Aegean and Mediterranean Regions (Abdal, Afşar, Arıklı, Barak, Buhurcu-Kocayusuflu, ca’ber, cerit, çağlayan, çakal, çapak-Kabaklı, çöteli, Duruca, Dündarlı, Erkekli, Genceli, Geygeli, Horzum, İmamlı, Kaçarlari Kara hacılı, Kara keçili, karamanlı, Kara tekeli, kızıl ışıklı, köseli, manavlı, mıcan, saçı karalı, sarı keçili, sarı tekeli, saz kabaklı, tatarlar, teke-tekeli oğlu)

a) Haftanın günleri :


        1. Days Of Week :
                         Some up to Friday Prayer time past, some up to evening Because of;
                         a) They went for Friday Prayer;
                         b) This day is bairam of Muslims;
                         c) Deemed as Yuruks’ bairam:

        Below Things Cannot Do:
                         - Cannot cut green trees and firewood,               
                         - Cannot go for any job. Cannot study,
                         - Cannot do cleaning,
                         - Cannot plough,
                         - Cannot sweep the inside of the house, cannot sweep the streets,
                         - Cannot go for long way and voyage,
                         - Cannot go for hunting,
                         - Cannot cut live animal,
                         - Cannot throw stone to animals
                         - Cannot sleep,
                         - Cannot make washing,
                         - Cannot sew,
                         - Cannot seed in the field,
                         - Cannot go for intermarry,
                         - Cannot have alcohol,
                         - Cannot unfasten the loom,
                         - Yuruks cannot migrate to summer pasture or to winter quarters,
                         - Cannot eat garlic,
                         - Cannot quarrel,
                         - Cannot make bread, cannot make wafers of dough,
                         - Cannot hang washed wearing,
                         - Gained money deemed religiously illicit,
                         - Cannot trim nails.
    
        Below things may do:
                         - Hit to the mouth of children who are much-crying, with the back of shoes by their parents.
                         - Bride is brought to bridegroom’s home.
                         - Worship with good jobs.

        2. Saturday:

        Below things cannot do:
                         - Cannot wash wearing,
                         - Cannot remove the summer pastures and winter quarters by tribes and nomad groups,

        3. Sunday :

        Below things may do :
                         -Yuruk migration of pastures and winter quarters by tribes and nomad groups may be done.
                         - Bride is brought to bridegroom’s home,
                         - Wedding ceremonies ends on this day.

        4. Monday :
                         -
                      
        5. Tuesday :
                         Because deemed not a good day between the days and;
                         a) Being a believing it past to Turks from Christians;
                         b) Conquest of Istanbul by Fatih Sultan Mehmet on Tuesday;
                         c) Deemed as a day on that our prophet died;
                         d) Started jobs would go slowly for a while,

        Below things cannot do :
                                 - Cannot wash wearing,
                                 - Cannot sweep the house,
                                 - Cannot start for a good job,
                                 - Cannot make bread, cannot make wafers of dough,
                                 - Yuruks cannot migrate to summer pasture or to winter quarters,
                                 - Cannot do sowing and planting,
                                 - Cannot start for cotton harvest,
                                 - Cannot start for good jobs like wedding ceremony or intermarry,
                                 - Cannot do voyage,
                                 - Cannot go for shopping of wedding,
                                 - Cannot start for knitting of sweeter and  sewing suits,
                                 - Cannot work,
                                 - Cannot trim nails.
                                 - Cannot start for a new and first job,
                                 - Cannot cut green trees and firewood,
                                 - Cannot seed,
                                 - Cannot clean the house,
                                 - Cannot go for mill,
                        
        Below things may do :
                                 - There is no objection to go on a job that started formerly,
                                 - May start for a wedding ceremony after noon praying time or evening.

        6. Wednesday :

        Below things cannot do :
                                - Cannot start for any job, even the started ones cannot deemed as good,

        Below things may do :
                                - May go for intermarry,
                                - Seeding on the field should especially start on this day.

        7. Thursday :
                         Because deemed as beginning of an auspicious day;

        Below things may do :
                               - May go for intermarry,
                               - Bride is brought to bridegroom’s house, provided that on a day to be agreed.
                               - Because the day following of this day is Friday charities distributed,
                               - Nails may trim,
                               -Washing may be done up to noon,
                               - Shaving may do, preparations may do for Friday Praying,
                               - May be start for wedding ceremonies from this day,
                               - May start for a good job, preparation for a wedding may do,
                        
        Below things cannot do :                                         
                              - Cannot do washing afternoon,
                              - Cannot go for intermarriage on the evening.

ANIMALS :
                    Surely the animals are taking into account as most precious beings in Yuruk and Turcoman life. Most believes are taking into account as animals. Because of this various animals constitute most believes

        Hunting :
                           ­  On the way for hunting, incase of somebody may not say “by chance, should your game be fat” or may say “where are you going?” this hunter comes back to home. The belief of hunting cannot be done is common, just because it was not said “by chance”.
                           ­  A hunter neither carries nor cut the game other than his own game.
                           ­  If a hound rolls over on the ground, the belief is common that the hunting on that day would be strong.
                           ­  If a cat passes through in front of a hunter, on the way for hunting, this hunter comes back without hunting.
                           ­  Hunters stroke the first game they shot by bewitching. A hunter does this passing it through his underside three times and then turns it around himself three times.
                           ­  A hunter who could not be able to hunt believes that his chance will turn if he put his gun on the ground and pass over it three times or pass over a piece of bread or meat on the gun.
                           ­  There is a belief that if hands don’t wash after eating the meat of a game “game catch”.



        1. Owl :
                         - Because singing of it means “interpret it favorably”, it is interpreted favorably,
                         - Singing of it interpreted that a bad or a dying news would be heard,
                         - If it sings repeatedly and properly on the house, it is interpreted that a good news would be heard,
                         - It is run away by throwing stones when singing because this situation is interpreted that it would bring a bad news or a funeral would be leave off the house on which it is singing,
                         - Singing of it sometimes interpreted as wish by nomad groups,
                         - Singing of it informs that the weather would be good.
                        
                        
        2. Cat :
                         - If a black cat passes through between two neighbors, it is interpreted that a dispute or disagreement would be arise between these neighbors, and neighbor relationships would be damaged.
                         -  If a cat passes through on the way, it is interpreted to inauspiciousness because the cat is unthankful.
                         - Seeing a black cat is not good, it is interpreted that it is not good for auspicious.

        3. Fox :
                         - Seeing on the way or passing through the way are interpreted to a good and auspicious job.
                         - Seeing as passing through the way is interpreted ill-omen in the belief that it would cause a loss.
                         - Seeing on the way in the morning time is interpreted that the job would be positive.
                         - Howling of it around the house is interpreted to ill-omen.
                         - Seeing in the night is deemed bad.

        4. Snake :
                         - In the case of seeing a snake when going on the road, it is interpreted that the day would pass with abundant portion; the job would be in order, fit, auspicious and harmonious; and would get good news.
                         - Passing through the way by a snake is interpreted that this would be the cause of a good thing.
                         - Seeing a snake that passes through the way first time in the spring season is deemed that it is the sign of works would be positive and good.
                         - Seeing passing through the way is interpreted that it would bring about to inauspiciousness in the belief that it would cause to an accident.
                         - Seeing over the way deemed as a sign of Ottoman.
                         - Seeing on the way indicates that an enemy would be seen.

        5. Turtle :
                         - Seeing a turtle when walking on the road some say this: “My name is Fatma do not throw me your wart”.
                         - Seeing a turtle for the first time in the spring season in March and April is deemed as a sign of that year some would be poor.
                         - Seeing a turtle for the first time in the spring season is deemed auspicious that that year the works would be abundant and positive.
        6. Rabbit :
                         - Passing through of the way when walking on the road is a sign that it would bring about to a kindness.
                         - Passing through of the way is interpreted that it would be any negative or an accident or it is a sign of an evil to come.
                         - Seeing on the road is deemed not well. The thought of things would be wrong and negative is common.
                         - Seeing on the road brings about to any inauspiciousness is the thought.

        7. Dog :
                         - It is dominant that the howling of it would not cause to auspicious, would bring a bad news, and would bring about to negative.
                         - Weeping during hunting indicates that it would be met to a game, in other cases indicates that a visitor would come.
                         - Howling in the night or in the morning is the sign of an inauspiciousness.
                         -  If it howls when a prayer is announcing, it is interpreted that it howls to devils running away.
                         - Weeping is deemed as a bad news.
                         -  If it weeps on the ground as its mouth up, a visitor would come.
                         - If it howls to the gate of the house, a funeral would leave off the house, if howls out, there would be a funeral from the village population or from neighbors.
                         - Heavily barking of it is the sign of it would bring a very bad news is common thought.
                        
                        
         8. Hen-Rooster :
                         - It is believed that a rooster which crow in the night would not bring any kindness.
                         - Nesting-box and the egg of a hen is not given.
                         - Crow during day means a visitor would come.

        9. Mule :
                         - If it breeds this deemed as a doom sign, it would bring about to a big disaster.
                         - Breeding of mule is deemed as inauspiciousness.

        10. Stork :
                         - When somebody saw it flying for the first time it means that this person would go to a journey.
                         - In the case of seeing the stork for the first time in spring time it is interpreted that that year things would be positive.

        11. Other Animals :
                         - Chirping of gooses as a group is known as a sign that the winter would be hard and long.
                         - When the ant pile the soil that it moved from its nest to the south direction the weather would be good, if to the north the weather would be bad is common belief.
                         - Male animals’ destroy and butt each other is the sign that it would snow.
                         - If goats and sheep graze with a great appetite it is known that it is a sign of rain.
                         - It is interpreted that singing of magpie would bring a good news.

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